Unexpected and rapid weight gain: 10 hidden causes to watch out for

Rapid weight gain can be unsettling, particularly when it occurs suddenly or without a clear cause. While it's perfectly normal for body weight to fluctuate slightly over time, a noticeable or consistent increase may signal a deeper issue. Body weight can naturally fluctuate by 1-2 kilograms over a few weeks due to daily changes in water retention, digestion, or hormone levels. However, if you’re noticing consistent or sudden increases beyond this range, especially without changes to your diet or activity levels, it may be worth investigating further.Understanding the possible reasons behind this can help guide you toward the right solutions and when to seek medical advice.A variety of physical, hormonal, and lifestyle-related factors can contribute to rapid or unexplained weight gain. According to a study titled The Relationship between Psychological Factors and Weight Gain skipping breakfast, physical inactivity, and heightened stress awareness were significantly associated with weight gain in women, even after adjusting for other variables1. Poor sleep or insomniaLack of sleep can significantly impact body weight. Insufficient or poor-quality sleep may alter hormones that regulate hunger and fullness, leading to increased appetite and cravings for high-calorie foods. Over time, these changes can result in weight gain. Studies have shown that people who suffer from chronic insomnia are more likely to experience increased body weight and obesity.2. Quitting smokingWhile giving up smoking brings many health benefits, it may also lead to temporary weight gain. Nicotine has an appetite-suppressing effect, and when a person stops smoking, their appetite may return to normal or even increase. This can cause people to eat more than they did previously, sometimes leading to weight gain, especially in the first few months after quitting.It's worth noting that this weight gain is typically temporary and can be managed with mindful eating and regular physical activity.3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries, typically during their reproductive years. One of the most common symptoms of PCOS is unexplained weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. This condition often causes insulin resistance, making it harder for the body to use insulin effectively, which can lead to fat storage and weight increase.Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and weight management strategies are essential in managing PCOS-related weight gain.4. Heart conditionsPeople with existing heart problems may experience rapid weight gain due to fluid retention. This can occur if the heart is no longer pumping blood efficiently, causing fluid to build up in the body.Warning signs of fluid-related weight gain include:If any of these symptoms occur alongside rapid weight gain, medical advice should be sought immediately.5. Kidney issuesThe kidneys are responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the body. When they aren't functioning properly, the body can retain fluid, leading to swelling and weight gain. If left untreated, kidney issues can progress and significantly affect overall health.6. Liver disease (Cirrhosis)Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver becomes scarred and is unable to function properly. One of the complications of cirrhosis is ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, which can lead to a noticeable increase in abdominal size and overall body weight. This type of weight gain is due to fluid retention, not fat, and needs to be managed with medical supervision.7. Skipping breakfastAvoiding breakfast has been linked to weight gain, particularly in women. According to research, those who skip their morning meal are more likely to experience increased hunger later in the day, which can lead to overeating or poor food choices, ultimately contributing to weight gain over time.8. Ovarian cancerSome types of ovarian cancer can cause ascites, which leads to fluid accumulation in the abdomen. This can result in a sudden and unexplained increase in weight, often accompanied by abdominal bloating or discomfort. Early-stage ovarian cancer may have few or no symptoms, so it’s important to pay attention to any unexplained body changes and consult a healthcare professional.9. Digestive system changesChanges in your digestive system, including constipation, bloating, or a slower metabolism, may cause a temporary rise in weight. Often, these issues are related to changes in diet, hydration, or physical activity. Eating fibre-rich foods, staying hydrated, and regular exercise can help maintain digestive health and reduce weight fluctuations.10. Natural body changes and lifestyle factorsIt's also possible to gain weight due to:These are usually not cause for concern unless they are extreme or persistent.You should consider seeking medical advice if:Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.Also read | Cold hands all the time? It could be a sign of high cholesterol